[Effects of intravenous magnesium sulfate administration on postoperative acute pain followed by spinal anesthesia]

Magnesium is an inorganic ion. There are several products containing magnesium and it has a number of therapeutic properties. Magnesium-sulfate is a very common product and its usefulness has been proven in field of anesthesiology. This study looks at the effect of prescribing intravenous magnesium-sulfate on acute pain following orthopedic surgery of the lower extremities in patients anesthetized with spinal anesthesia method. In this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 60 patients were selected and were randomly divided into 2 groups. Efforts were made to place both groups under the same method of anesthesia and other variable were kept constant to the best of our ability. One group received intravenous magnesium sulfate under a given protocol and the second one received the same volume of placebo, intravenously. To present the results Mean [ +/- SD] was used and the P-value of less than 0.05 was considered statisticaly significant. There was no difference between the 2 groups under basic variables. Pain reported by the first group who received magnesium sulfate was significantly less at the 1[st], 3[rd], 6[th], and 12[th] hours after the operation in comparison to the group who received placebo. At the 18[th] and 24[th] post-operation hours, there was no significant difference between the 2 groups. Receiving intravenous magnesium sulfate following lower extremities orthopedic surgery would significantly reduce the pain in the first few hours after the operation

Poliovirus environmental surveillance in sistan-balouchestan province, isolation and identification of viruses by cell culture and microneutralization, and intratypic differentiation by ELISA and probe hybridization

In some countries, wild polioviruses have been isolated from environment despite the absence of viruses being recovered from clinical cases, therefore to confirm of final Polio eradication, WHO has recommended environmental surveillance using sewage specimens and surface water. During the present study, in order to assure the polio eradication in Iran, Sistan-Balouchestan province was chosen as the target area. During a 12-month period, 86 specimens from 2 sewage disposal systems and 5 hospitals, as well as surface water from several rural areas were collected by Grab Sampling and tested for polioviruses using direct and concentrated specimens with 2 concentration methods: Pellet and Two-phase. Then the isolated viruses were serotyped by microneutralization method and differentiated intratypically by ELISA and probe hybridization techniques. Of all studied specimens, 18 [20.9%] were identified as poliovirus, none of which were wild virus, fortunately. Among these, 2 [2.3%], 8 [9.3%] and 13 [15.1%] were isolated from direct specimens, Pellet and Two-phase concentrated specimens, respectively. The most frequent viruses were Polio 2 [72.2%] and Polio 3 [27.8%]. Results have revealed the efficacy of immunization coverage in Iran. Meanwhile, sufficient surveillance programs have been observed during the recent years

Comparison between Acetaminophen Suppository and Caudal Anesthesia in Relieving Pain after Pediatric Surgery

Our aim was to provide a simple, non-invasive, low cost, and practical method to be used by nurses and technicians in a low hazardous, safe, and painlessness anesthesia. In a prospective blind clinical trial 40 children between 4 and 6 months who were candidated for subumbilical elective surgeries were recruited. They were randomly divided into two groups. Bupivacain 0.25% was prescribed in the control group according to Armitage formula [0.5-1 ml/kg]; while, supp. Acetaminophen was administered in the subject group by a dosage of 30-40 mg/kg. There was no statistically significant difference in the pain score of the two groups within 2 hours postoperatively, but higher pain score was reported in subject group during the third and forth hours. Caudal anesthesia with bupivacaine has better painless period postoperatively